Harassment is a serious issue that affects thousands of people across the UK every year. It can happen anywhere — at work, online, in public, or even at home. Many people who experience harassment often feel scared, anxious, and unsure about what to do or who to turn to.
The good news is that the UK police take harassment seriously, and there are clear laws to protect victims. Understanding what counts as harassment, how to report it, and what actions the police can take is very important for your safety and peace of mind.
What Is Harassment?
In the UK, harassment is any unwanted behaviour that makes you feel intimidated, humiliated, or distressed. It may include words, actions, or messages that are repeated over time.
Under the Protection from Harassment Act 1997, harassment can include:
- Repeated unwanted calls, texts, or emails
- Stalking or following someone
- Threats or intimidation
- Spreading false information or rumours
- Damaging someone’s property
- Turning up repeatedly at someone’s home or workplace
- Online bullying or harassment through social media
The law says that harassment must happen more than once to be considered an offence. A single rude comment may not count, but repeated actions that cause fear or distress are classed as harassment.
Types of Harassment
There are different kinds of harassment that the police may deal with, including:
- Stalking: When someone follows, watches, or contacts you constantly.
- Sexual harassment: Unwanted sexual comments, touching, or gestures.
- Racial harassment: Targeting someone because of their race or ethnicity.
- Religious harassment: Targeting someone because of their beliefs.
- Online harassment: Using the internet or social media to threaten or insult someone.
Each of these can lead to a criminal investigation if reported to the police.
What Can the Police Do About Harassment?
When you report street harassment, the police have several powers to protect you and stop the offender. Here’s what they can do:
1. Take Your Report Seriously
The first step is always to report the harassment to your local police. You can do this online, by phone (calling 101), or in person at a police station.
The police will listen to your side of the story, take a statement, and collect any evidence you may have, such as text messages, emails, or screenshots.
2. Investigate the Incident
Once you make a report, the police will start an investigation. They will try to identify the person responsible and gather proof of repeated behaviour. This may include:
- Speaking to witnesses
- Collecting CCTV footage
- Checking phone or internet records
- Looking at your messages or social media evidence
3. Issue a Warning or Caution
If the offender’s behaviour is not extremely serious or if there isn’t enough evidence for a full criminal charge, the police might issue a harassment warning or police caution.
This warns the person that their behaviour is unacceptable and that they could face arrest if it continues.
4. Make an Arrest
If the harassment continues or if there is strong evidence, the police can arrest the offender.
After an arrest, the person may be charged under the Protection from Harassment Act 1997 or Malicious Communications Act 1988 (if messages or online communication are involved).
5. Apply for a Restraining Order
If the case goes to court, the police can request a restraining order against the offender.
A restraining order legally prevents the person from contacting or approaching you. If they break this order, they can be arrested again and face jail time.
6. Use Stalking Protection Orders
For stalking-related cases, the police can apply for a Stalking Protection Order (SPO) even before the case goes to court.
This order restricts the stalker’s actions immediately, such as stopping them from following, messaging, or watching you.
What Are the Possible Penalties for Harassment?
Harassment is a criminal offence in the UK. The penalties depend on how serious the case is.
- Basic harassment: Up to 6 months in prison or a fine.
- Stalking or harassment causing fear of violence: Up to 5 years in prison.
- Breaking a restraining order: Up to 5 years in prison.
In addition to jail time, the offender may also face community service, fines, or probation.
What Should You Do if You’re Being Harassed?
If you believe you’re being harassed, here’s what you should do:
- Keep Records – Save all messages, screenshots, emails, or letters.
- Don’t Reply – Do not engage or respond to the harasser.
- Tell Someone – Inform friends, family, or your workplace.
- Report It – Contact the police through 101 (non-emergency) or 999 (if in danger).
- Seek Support – Contact organisations like Victim Support or Citizens Advice.
Never ignore harassment. The earlier you act, the easier it is for police to intervene and protect you.
The Role of Technology in Harassment Cases
With the rise of social media and digital communication, online harassment has become very common.
The police treat cyber harassment just as seriously as in-person harassment.
They can trace digital communication, identify offenders through IP addresses, and charge people under the Malicious Communications Act or Communications Act 2003.
If you’re facing online harassment, block the person, report their account to the platform, and keep screenshots before deleting anything.
Support for Victims of Harassment
Apart from police help, there are many UK organisations that provide emotional and legal support for harassment victims:
- Victim Support (0808 168 9111) – Free help and advice.
- Citizens Advice – Guidance on legal rights and reporting.
- National Stalking Helpline (0808 802 0300) – For stalking-related harassment.
- Women’s Aid – Support for women facing domestic or sexual harassment.
You Don’t Have to Face Harassment Alone
Harassment can be frightening and emotionally draining, but you’re not alone, and the law is on your side.
The UK police have the power to investigate, warn, arrest, and charge anyone who harasses you.
By reporting harassment early and keeping clear evidence, you can protect yourself and help stop the offender from harming others.
Remember — harassment is never your fault, and speaking up is the first step toward safety and justice.
FAQs About Police Action on Harassment in the UK
1. Can I report harassment to the police even if it happened online?
Yes. Online harassment, threats, or bullying are criminal offences. The police can investigate social media messages, emails, and texts under UK communication laws.
2. What evidence do I need to report harassment?
Keep all messages, screenshots, phone logs, or photos. The more evidence you have, the easier it is for the police to take action.
3. Can the police arrest someone for harassment without proof?
The police need reasonable evidence before arresting someone. However, even without an arrest, they can issue warnings or apply for protective orders.
4. What if the person harassing me is my ex-partner?
You can still report them. The police can issue Domestic Violence Protection Orders (DVPOs) to stop them from contacting or approaching you.
5. Can the police help if I feel unsafe but no crime has happened yet?
Yes. You can contact the police to discuss your concerns. They can give safety advice and record your report in case the behaviour continues.
